What Is Ozempic Used For? Benefits, Uses & Side Effects

Let’s start with the obvious question: What is Ozempic?

Ozempic is a prescription medication commonly used to manage blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. As a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, Ozempic plays a crucial role in lowering blood sugar and improving overall health outcomes. It is FDA-approved to improve blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes, along with lifestyle improvements in diet and exercise.

In addition to its primary function in diabetes management, Ozempic treatment has been associated with weight loss and cardiovascular benefits, making it a versatile therapeutic option.

However, like any medication, Ozempic carries potential risks, including serious allergic reactions, kidney disease worsening, and possible thyroid tumors.

Key Takeaways

• Ozempic is FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes and helps lower blood sugar levels effectively.
• Certain patients using Ozempic may experience significant weight loss, but the medication is not officially approved for this purpose.
• Potential side effects include kidney function decline, severe stomach problems, and increased risk of thyroid cancer.

Ozempic Overview

Category	Details
Primary Use	– FDA-approved for managing blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. ​
Additional Benefits	– Potential weight loss (though not officially approved for this purpose). – Cardiovascular protection, including reduced risk of heart attack and stroke. – Possible preservation of kidney function. ​
Common Side Effects	– Nausea – Vomiting – Diarrhea – Stomach pain – Constipation – Heartburn ​
Serious Side Effects	– Possible thyroid tumors – Severe allergic reactions – Kidney function decline – Pancreatitis ​
Precautions	– Not suitable for individuals with: – Type 1 diabetes – History of thyroid cancer – Advanced kidney disease – Gallbladder issues ​
Administration	– Self-administered via injection once a week. ​
Weight Loss Effects	– While not FDA-approved for weight loss, many users experience reduced appetite and significant weight reduction. ​
Drug Interactions	– May interact with: – Insulin – Sulfonylureas – Diuretics – Gastrointestinal medications – Other blood sugar-regulating drugs ​

What Is Ozempic Used For?

Ozempic is primarily prescribed to manage diabetes by enhancing blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of medications known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, which mimic the effects of the natural hormone glucagon-like peptide-1. This hormone helps regulate insulin secretion, slows digestion, and reduces appetite, contributing to better blood sugar management. Ozempic works by mimicking the natural hormone GLP-1, which stimulates insulin release and reduces liver sugar production.

Healthcare professionals typically prescribe Ozempic as part of a broader diabetes management plan that includes diet and exercise. By using Ozempic in combination with healthy lifestyle changes, patients may experience greater improvements in their blood sugar levels compared to diet and exercise alone.

In addition to diabetes control, Ozempic has demonstrated potential cardiovascular benefits, particularly in individuals with existing heart disease or those at high risk for conditions such as heart attack or stroke. Research suggests that Ozempic may help reduce the likelihood of cardiovascular events, making it a beneficial option for patients with both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Ozempic is FDA-approved to lower the risk of cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Another important consideration is its effect on kidney disease. Maintaining blood sugar levels within a healthy range can help slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and prevent kidney function decline. For this reason, Ozempic may be beneficial in preserving kidney function in people with diabetes-related kidney problems. However, patients with advanced kidney failure should discuss the risks with their doctor before using Ozempic.

Ozempic is also approved to reduce the risk of kidney function decline and death due to cardiovascular disease in adults with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.

Ozempic for Type 2 Diabetes

Ozempic is specifically designed for adults with type 2 diabetes who struggle to achieve healthy blood sugar levels through diet and exercise alone. Unlike insulin, it does not directly replace or supply insulin to the body; instead, it stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin in response to high blood sugar.

One of Ozempic’s key mechanisms is reducing the amount of glucose the liver releases into the bloodstream. In people with type 2 diabetes, the liver often produces excess glucose, which can lead to high blood sugar levels. By controlling this process, Ozempic helps to improve blood sugar balance and lower overall blood sugar levels. Ozempic works to improve blood sugar in three different ways: it stimulates insulin release, prevents glucose release from the liver, and slows down food movement through the digestive tract.

Another way Ozempic supports blood sugar regulation is by slowing down gastric emptying—the rate at which food leaves the stomach. This delay prevents blood sugar spikes after meals, helping to maintain steadier glucose levels throughout the day. Clinical trials have shown that patients using Ozempic experience significant reductions in blood sugar levels, leading to better long-term diabetes management and a lower risk of diabetes-related complications such as diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease worsening, and cardiovascular disease.

Dr. Matthew Olesiak, MD, Chief Medical Director of SANE MD, explains, “Ozempic provides a vital option for adults with type 2 diabetes by promoting insulin release and delaying gastric emptying, leading to better blood sugar regulation.”

Ozempic is administered by self-injection once a week.

Weight Loss and Ozempic Treatment

Although Ozempic is not FDA-approved for weight loss, it has gained widespread attention for its ability to help compatible individuals lose weight. This effect occurs because Ozempic influences appetite regulation and slows digestion, leading to reduced food intake and prolonged feelings of fullness. Many patients lost a significant amount of weight while taking Ozempic, making it a popular off-label option for weight management. For weight loss specifically, Wegovy is the brand of semaglutide that is FDA-approved.

The drug’s impact on weight is particularly useful for adults with type 2 diabetes, as excess body weight is a major risk factor for worsening blood sugar levels and developing complications such as cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. By promoting significant weight loss, Ozempic may also contribute to improved metabolic health, reduced insulin resistance, and lower overall risks of diabetes-related conditions.

In clinical trials, patients using Ozempic alongside diet and exercise were more likely to achieve meaningful weight reduction than those using other diabetes medications alone. While results vary among individuals, the average weight loss reported in trials ranges from 5% to 15% of body weight, depending on the dosage and duration of use.

Dr. Olesiak further notes, “Patients on Ozempic often experience weight loss due to its impact on hunger signals and digestion speed, making it an added benefit for those managing diabetes.”

Despite these promising results, healthcare professionals caution that Ozempic is not a substitute for weight-loss medications or programs specifically designed for obesity management. Additionally, the long-term effects of using Ozempic for weight loss in individuals without diabetes remain under investigation. Our comprehensive guide can help you determine if Ozempic is the right weight loss drug for you.

Before considering Ozempic for weight management, patients should consult with a doctor to determine whether Ozempic treatment is appropriate for their medical conditions, especially if they have a history of kidney disease, gallbladder problems, or thyroid tumors.

Benefits of Ozempic

Ozempic offers a range of health benefits beyond its primary role in lowering blood sugar levels. While it is primarily used to treat diabetes, studies have shown that it provides additional advantages for cardiovascular health, weight management, and kidney protection.

These benefits make Ozempic a valuable option for adults with type 2 diabetes and those at risk for related complications.

1. Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

One of the most significant benefits of Ozempic treatment is its ability to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death in individuals with diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of developing conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and heart attack due to elevated blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, and inflammation.

Clinical trials have demonstrated that Ozempic significantly reduces the likelihood of major cardiovascular events in patients with preexisting heart disease.

The FDA-approved medication helps by:

• Lowering blood sugar levels, which reduces the strain on the heart and blood vessels.
• Decreasing inflammation, which plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries).
• Aiding in weight loss, which can further reduce cardiovascular risk factors such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure.

In a large-scale clinical trial, patients taking Ozempic experienced a 26% reduction in the risk of heart attack, stroke, or cardiovascular-related death compared to those using a placebo.

These findings highlight the drug’s cardioprotective effects, making it a valuable addition for patients managing both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

2. Potential for Weight Loss

Although Ozempic is not officially approved for weight loss, it has been shown to help patients lose weight as a secondary effect of its blood sugar-lowering mechanism.

Weight loss is particularly beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes, as excess body weight is a significant contributor to insulin resistance and poor blood sugar control.

Ozempic promotes weight loss through several mechanisms:

• Appetite suppression – The drug slows digestion and affects hunger-related hormones, leading to reduced calorie intake.
• Delayed gastric emptying – Food stays in the stomach longer, prolonging the feeling of fullness and reducing cravings.
• Lower caloric absorption – By influencing the digestive process, Ozempic decreases the number of calories absorbed from meals.

Clinical trials have shown that patients using Ozempic, in combination with diet and exercise, lost an average of 5-15% of their body weight over several months. This significant weight loss can help improve metabolic health, lower the risk of heart disease, and support overall diabetes management. In clinical trials, patients lost an average of 14 lbs when Ozempic was used over a 40-week period.

Additionally, weight loss achieved with Ozempic can help prevent or delay the onset of obesity-related conditions, such as gallbladder problems, high blood sugar, and chronic kidney disease.

Despite these benefits, healthcare professionals advise that Ozempic should not be used solely as a weight-loss drug without medical supervision. Patients considering Ozempic for weight management should consult their doctor to discuss potential risks and benefits based on their medical conditions.

3. Kidney Protection

Maintaining kidney function is crucial for people with diabetes, as high blood sugar can lead to worsening kidney disease over time. Studies suggest that Ozempic may play a protective role in preventing chronic kidney disease progression and reducing the risk of kidney failure.

Ozempic supports kidney health by:

• Lowering blood sugar levels, which reduces the damage caused to the small blood vessels in the kidneys.
• Reducing inflammation, which helps prevent kidney disease worsening and supports overall kidney function.
• Lowering blood pressure, an essential factor in reducing strain on the kidneys and preventing kidney problems.

Research indicates that patients with diabetes and kidney disease who use Ozempic experience slower kidney function decline compared to those using other diabetes medications. This benefit is particularly important for patients at risk of kidney failure or dialysis.

However, individuals with advanced kidney disease or those experiencing kidney function decline should speak with their doctor before starting Ozempic. The drug can sometimes contribute to dehydration, which may worsen kidney problems if not properly managed.

Side Effects of Ozempic

While Ozempic is an effective treatment for adults with type 2 diabetes, it is important to recognize the potential risks associated with its use. Like many prescription medications, Ozempic can cause both common and serious side effects, which vary in severity and frequency from patient to patient. Some patients have also reported concerns about Ozempic’s potential effects on mental health. Read more about whether Ozempic can cause depression here.

Individuals considering Ozempic treatment should be aware of these potential side effects and discuss any concerns with their healthcare professionals before starting the medication.

Common Side Effects

Some side effects of Ozempic are relatively mild but can still impact a patient’s comfort and daily life. These are the most frequently reported side effects of Ozempic and often improve as the body adjusts to the medication:

Gastrointestinal side effects

One of the most common complaints among Ozempic users is nausea, which occurs due to the medication’s effect on digestion and appetite regulation. Nausea is often most intense when starting Ozempic treatment or increasing the dose. Approximately 15% to 20% of patients report experiencing nausea while using Ozempic.

Ozempic commonly causes gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, constipation, and heartburn.

While these common side effects can be uncomfortable, they often diminish over time as the body adapts to the medication.

However, if symptoms persist or worsen, patients should consult their doctor to discuss possible adjustments to their Ozempic prescription or alternative diabetes medications.

For further information, see our guide that covers Ozempic side effects in females.

Serious Side Effects

In rare cases, Ozempic can cause severe or potentially life-threatening side effects. These reactions require immediate medical attention and may indicate an underlying health concern.

1. Possible Thyroid Tumors and Thyroid Cancer

Studies have linked Ozempic to an increased risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a rare but serious form of thyroid cancer. The medication has also been associated with possible thyroid tumors in animal studies, though it remains unclear how this translates to humans.

• Patients with a history of MTC or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN 2) should avoid using Ozempic.
• Symptoms of thyroid cancer may include a lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and persistent throat pain.
• Regular monitoring of thyroid function is recommended for high-risk patients.

If a patient notices any unusual neck swelling or throat discomfort, they should seek medical attention immediately.

2. Severe Allergic Reactions

Though rare, some individuals experience serious allergic reactions to Ozempic. These reactions can be life-threatening and require immediate medical intervention.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction include:

• Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
• Severe pain in the upper stomach
• Difficulty breathing or wheezing
• Rapid heartbeat and dizziness
• Hives or widespread skin rash

If any of these symptoms occur, patients should stop using Ozempic and seek emergency medical assistance immediately.

3. Kidney Function Decline and Kidney Failure

Ozempic may contribute to kidney disease worsening, particularly in patients with preexisting kidney problems. In some cases, the medication has been associated with acute kidney injury, leading to kidney function decline and, in severe instances, kidney failure.

Patients with chronic kidney disease or reduced kidney function should be closely monitored while using Ozempic.

Symptoms of worsening kidney function include:

• Swelling in the hands, feet, or ankles
• Decreased urine output or changes in urination frequency
• Fatigue and weakness
• Persistent nausea or vomiting

Acute pancreatitis has been observed in some patients treated with Ozempic, with symptoms including persistent severe abdominal pain.

Severe dehydration, often caused by nausea and vomiting, can further strain kidney function and may necessitate treatment adjustments.

If any signs of kidney failure appear, patients should contact their healthcare provider immediately to discuss whether they should continue Ozempic treatment.

Additional Considerations

While these are some of the most common and serious side effects of Ozempic, other complications can arise, including:

• Severe Stomach Problems – Prolonged nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or bloating may indicate digestive system distress. Postmarketing data suggest a potential association between semaglutide and stomach paralysis (ileus), which can cause significant digestive complications.

When starting Ozempic treatment, patients should work closely with their doctors to monitor for these side effects and medical conditions.

Those with a history of thyroid tumors, kidney disease, or severe stomach problems should consider alternative diabetes medications if necessary.

Ozempic and Drug Interactions

Healthcare professionals advise caution when using Ozempic alongside other diabetes medications, prescription drugs, and over-the-counter medicines, as certain drug interactions can affect blood sugar control and increase the risk of side effects.

One of the most significant concerns is the interaction between Ozempic and other diabetes medications, such as insulin or sulfonylureas, which can cause severe low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Symptoms of low blood sugar include dizziness, sweating, confusion, shakiness, and, in severe cases, unconsciousness.

Patients taking multiple diabetes medications should monitor their blood sugar levels closely and work with their doctor to adjust dosages as needed.

Additionally, Ozempic may interact with other drugs that affect digestion, absorption, and kidney function. For example:

• Certain antibiotics and diuretics may increase the risk of kidney problems by causing dehydration, which can contribute to kidney function decline when combined with Ozempic.
• Gastrointestinal medications, such as those used for acid reflux or delayed gastric emptying, may interfere with Ozempic’s effect on digestion, leading to unpredictable blood sugar fluctuations.
• Over-the-counter medicines and herbal supplements may also alter how Ozempic is absorbed and metabolized, potentially affecting its efficacy.

Before starting Ozempic treatment, patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and over-the-counter drugs they are taking. Financial assistance programs are available to help cover the cost of Ozempic for those who qualify.

This helps ensure that drug interactions are minimized, and appropriate dosage adjustments are made to prevent high blood sugar, severe low blood sugar, or other complications.

Precautions and Warnings

Patients should consider the following precautions before starting Ozempic:

• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding – Ozempic may pose risks to an unborn baby and can transfer through breast milk.
• Kidney Problems and Chronic Kidney Disease – Those with kidney disease should consult their doctor, as Ozempic may contribute to kidney function decline.
• Gallbladder Problems – Ozempic can increase the risk of gallbladder disease, leading to severe stomach problems.

How to Use Ozempic Safely

Patients should follow their doctor’s instructions when using Ozempic injections to minimize risks. Patients can obtain Ozempic through telehealth providers, allowing consultations and electronic prescriptions.

The Ozempic pen delivers the medication once weekly, and a missed dose should be taken as soon as possible, unless it is close to the next scheduled dose.

Frequently Asked Questions About Ozempic

Ozempic is a widely used prescription medication primarily designed to treat diabetes by improving blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. However, many patients have questions about its additional benefits, such as weight loss, its potential risks, and why doctors prescribe it.

Below are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about Ozempic treatment.

1. Is Ozempic used to lose weight?

Ozempic is not officially FDA-approved for weight loss, but many patients experience significant weight loss while taking the medication. This occurs because Ozempic slows digestion, reduces appetite, and alters hunger signals, leading to lower calorie intake. While it is primarily prescribed to manage blood sugar levels, doctors may recommend it for patients who need additional support in achieving a healthy body weight alongside diet and exercise.

However, those seeking weight-loss-specific treatment may be prescribed other prescription medications approved for obesity management.

2. Why would a doctor prescribe Ozempic?

A doctor may prescribe Ozempic treatment for adults with type 2 diabetes who struggle to control their blood sugar levels through diet and exercise alone. Additionally, Ozempic is often recommended for patients at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease since studies show that it can lower the likelihood of heart attack and stroke.

Some doctors also prescribe Ozempic to overweight patients with diabetes, as weight loss can improve blood sugar control and reduce diabetes-related complications. However, Ozempic is not suitable for individuals with type 1 diabetes or a history of thyroid tumors.

3. What conditions is Ozempic prescribed for?

Ozempic is primarily prescribed to treat diabetes by helping adults with type 2 diabetes lower blood sugar levels and maintain stable glucose control. Additionally, it is used to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with heart disease or those at risk of heart attack and stroke.

While not officially approved for weight loss, it is sometimes prescribed to patients who need help managing their body weight as part of a broader diabetes treatment plan.

Patients with chronic kidney disease or other medical conditions should discuss their options with a doctor before starting Ozempic treatment.

4. What are the side effects of Ozempic?

Like all prescription medications, Ozempic can cause side effects, ranging from mild to severe. Common side effects include nausea, stomach pain, low blood sugar, trouble swallowing, and gallbladder problems. More serious side effects of Ozempic may include an increased risk of thyroid cancer, severe allergic reactions, and kidney function decline leading to kidney failure.

Patients with a history of thyroid tumors, kidney disease, or severe stomach problems should talk to their doctor about potential risks before starting Ozempic treatment. If any serious reactions occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.

5. What does Ozempic do for weight loss?

Ozempic promotes weight loss by slowing digestion, suppressing appetite, and regulating hunger hormones. This reduces calorie intake. Because food stays in the stomach longer, patients feel fuller for extended periods, which can naturally lead to significant weight loss over time.

Clinical studies have shown that patients who used Ozempic in combination with diet and exercise lost an average of 5-15% of their body weight. However, weight loss results vary, and the medication should only be used under a doctor’s supervision, especially for individuals without type 2 diabetes.

6. What is the cost of Ozempic?

The cost of Ozempic varies based on your insurance plan, the pharmacy you use, and if you have an Ozempic Savings or Coupon card. For people with commercial or private insurance, a prescription for Ozempic may cost as little as $25 for a one-month supply. Some patient assistance programs provide no-cost medication to eligible individuals who need it. Ozempic is not available as a generic drug and only comes in brand-name form.

Final Thoughts

Ozempic is an effective prescription medication for managing type 2 diabetes, improving blood sugar control, and reducing the risk of heart disease. While treatment offers multiple benefits, it is essential to be aware of its side effects, including potential risks of thyroid cancer, severe allergic reactions, and kidney disease complications. Consulting healthcare professionals before starting treatment ensures the safest and most effective use of the medication.